329 10 8302 https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/1991004_b27ded5f8f.jpg bed5808cfc604ce2f73efa57fcf53a3a Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1720 Width 2160 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Objects Collection Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 72" x 72" x 29" Materials Plaster quarter-scale Catalog Number 1991.004 Object Location Location of object in collection. Main Exhibit Gallery Provenance 1987 November 30, Gift to Museum and SVSU Board of Control Notes From Jennifer Lentz Memo dated July 30, 1991 "RE: Spirit of Detroit On July 26, 1991 Molly told me that the Spirit of Detroit located at the City County Building is from 1958 so our quarter-scale was created anywhere from 1954 to 1958." MF, Sculptor copy: The City-County Building of Detroit In 1955 when a new building was to be erected to house city and county offices as a focal point of Detroit's new riverfront, the architects Harley, Ellington and Day again asked Fredericks's collaboration. It was an assignment to daunt the boldest sculptor. The twenty-story white marble building was to stand at the junction of two streets, Woodward and Jefferson Avenues, carrying heavy streams of automobile traffic. The building was to be a long rectangle, its narrow western end facing the intersection of the oldest and most historic roads in the state. Again, as in the Veterans Memorial Building, the narrow end of the building was treated as a single monument. At its base Fredericks designed a kneeling giant, in green bronze, five times life size, representing the Spirit of Detroit. In one outstretched hand the male figure holds a gilt-bronze sphere symbolizing the spirit of God or deity, in the other a gilt-bronze group of the human family. A marble screen behind the bronze figure forms a transition between the statue and the lofty wall behind; it also serves to conceal a building entrance that might otherwise seem a mere mouse hole. Building, screen, and statue form a harmonious whole. The marble screen serves to identify the building through the official seals of Wayne County and the city of Detroit carved on its surface. Beneath the seals is an inscription: "Now the Lord is that Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is Liberty (II Corinthians 3:17)." As often happens, the best solution of a problem (and this one is very successful) is a simple one; a figure, both at rest and suggesting movement; familiar yet symbolizing the complexities of time, space and thought; heroic and accessible. The Spirit of Detroit was immediately popular, warmly embraced by both the public and the officials within the building. It was given an affectionate nickname, "The Jolly Green Giant," and used on official stationery as a logo and as a symbol of the city on billboards directing visitors approaching the city via major highways. Few sculptures have been so promptly adopted as the symbolic image of a city. MF archives: Fredericks stated he never named the piece. "The theme was a verse from the Bible (2 Corinthians 3:17): Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." "I tried to express the spirit of man through the deity and the family," Gradually people began calling it Spirit of Detroit. He also waived his creative fee for this sculpture and it actually ended up costing him money to produce; he thought a mere part of his civic responsibility. Molly Barth copy: This is titled "The Spirit of Detroit". This is just the quarter-scale. The full-size bronze casting is located in front of the City/County Building in downtown Detroit. It's become the symbol for Detroit; they use it for their logo on billboards, and various other things. What's also nice about this monumental piece is that as you look at it, the building is very tall, and there at the bottom of this building, as you look at it, is the big "Spirit of Detroit," and there's a concave pylon (a wall) that's behind "The Spirit of Detroit" that conceals the "mousehole" entrance to the building. So as you look at it, it's really one monument. In "The Spirit of Detroit's" left hand he's holding the Deity, or God, and then in his right hand is the family. Of course, he represents the spirit of man. On this wall, this pylon behind "The Spirit of Detroit," is the seal of Wayne County and also the seal of Detroit. The verse is from Second Corinthians, "The Lord is that Spirit, and where the spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." Mr. Fredericks never actually named this piece. The people of Detroit did, from that verse, "The Spirit of Detroit." This was cast in Norway, and brought over by boat. The four largest pieces, other than the Statue of Liberty, were done by Marshall Fredericks, and they came over by boat, over the great seas. They were cast there in Norway, because there really wasn't a foundry here in the United States that was capable of doing something this monumental. This took him four years to do, and was dedicated in 1958. We do have the full-size head of "The Spirit of Detroit," here in the Gallery, but just the head. It's there on the middle pedestal; there in front of the middle column. It's between Kennedy on the left, and Churchill on the right. Let me tell you a humorous, prankster story. I think it occurred in the 1960s. Some teenagers had spray painted some gigantic, green footprints from the "Spirit of Detroit" to the "Maiden" and back again. The "Maiden" was in front of the gas company, it still is. Anyway, it was a real funny story that he went over there at night and came back, footsteps returning back to where the "Spirit of Detroit" was. The "Spirit of Detroit," is patinated a natural green color, and then the "Deity" and the "Family" are gold-leaf. They're very striking, very beautiful. From 1995 Mary Iorio of Cranbrook, interview with Fredericks, these notes: The Spirit of Detroit support two emblematic forms while linking them. On the Godhead, the rays represent the omnipotence of God, with the three rings representing the trinity. The family is man, woman and child. The balance of the two shows the importance of family. Fredericks' figures don't scream. Their uplifting and inspirational messages seem to exude quietly. The figure is benevolent and calm. Iorio asked how the Spirit of Detroit came about. Fredericks replied: "The City/County Building in Detroit was really like a cigar box. It needed something to identify it, its permanence, and to maybe embellish it at the same time. We discussed it and thought it needed something to mark the entranceway. We added the big, curved wall. Then it needed something in front of it that would be meaningful to the city and to the people of Detroit. There was already too much about the Cedilla Indians and warriors. I thought it needed something of a more spiritual nature. I looked in the Bible. Second Corinthians talked about liberty. So I built the figure to go with that quotation from Second Corinthians and I think quite a lot of people got something out of it. I tried to design a figure for the deity. That was very had because it could be all kinds of things: power, strength, kindness, beauty and all the attributes of God. So I started with that sphere because it's complete, there's no beginning, no end, nothing extraneous. It's one complete thing like the sun or the moon. The rays represent the expressions of that entity, all the forces of good and all the power and strength, all the attributions of God emanating from that symbol. Then the rings are the holy trinity. In order to get approved, the city wanted to put it up, but the councilman thought they might have trouble with the different religions. They had one representative from every religion. They had about 30 who came to the meeting of the city council to discuss the sphere and vote on it. They did and when they voted, it was unanimous. The idea of the statue is the god is reflected through the spirit of man and that human family was the complete relationship. I hoped that they would feel the city was in the hands of God, so to speak, that they were protected in some way and that it would be better. Positive thoughts." From Joy Colby Interview-1981: As a matter of fact, the three largest pieces outside of the Statue of Liberty that crossed the ocean, I did in Norway and (they) were shipped to this country. Then when I did the Spirit of Detroit, it was too big to fit into that room (in Norway) because I had to do it in one piece-the other pieces were done in sections-so I was able to rent a big space in the Veemar (Weimar, sp?) Hall and that's the place where they make all the wine and beer and liquor in Norway, it's all owned by the government. And this was down next to their big furnaces which are as big as a house. It was very hot down there and very poor light. But that's where I made the big Spirit of Detroit." "I made the small model here, the original little small model. And then I made one that was one-sixth size here down in the studio on Woodward Avenue. Then I took that over to Norway and made the big one over there because I couldn't really ship the big model two ways. I couldn't ship the big plaster model over there and then ship the bronze back, so I just made it over there, cast it right in bronze in the same city and shipped the big bronze back. It took up the hold of an entire ship. By the way, there's a wonderful film about that that the City (Detroit) made, the whole story of the Spirit of Detroit, it's in marvelous color. Jim Handy produced it as a gift to the City. It used to be shown regularly in all the schools and libraries, but the last couple of administrations, I guess, just weren't interested and so it's kind of been lost now. I don't think anyone knows where the films are. I have a copy in the studio. It's really quite a fine film. It should be shown in the schools. They had a record of how many millions of children over the years have seen that; it was incredible how many million. The schools and libraries sent in reports on how many times they showed it and it was incredible how many had seen it. It's kind of fun because then they know how it's made and how it was put up; it showed dignitaries there when it was put up. It showed them shipping it in Norway. For instance, to get it from the foundry down through the streets to the quay to put it on the ship they had to do it at night because they had to take down the streetcar cables and the overhead wiring; it was so big; to get it down the street, it had to be done in the darkness of night. And then all the wires had to be put back up again. It was an unbelievable task. But the Norwegian people were so interested and the mayor of Norway and the city council were willing to do that because they knew that it was good for Norway, too. Although today I don't suppose many people know that it was made there since that film isn't shown there." Is this all on film, the transferring of the sculpture to the ship? "Yes. It's very interesting. We showed it to Alden Dow a few months ago in Midland." That would mean that if you made the large sculptures in Norway that you would be living there for months at a time? "I commuted because I was doing a lot of work here and also a lot of work in New York. I rented a studio space in a studio on 21st Street for about the same period of time and I commuted between here and New York and Norway and would go over there for periods and come back and Rozzie came over a number of times. It was a very busy time, but I was young and I could do it. Now I couldn't do it. But it was a very busy, trying time and a lot of work was done in those years, a lot of pieces were finished." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Spirit of Detroit [Plaster] Subject The topic of the resource Detroit (Mich.) Figure sculpture, American--20th century Description An account of the resource The Spirit of Detroit, 1958 Quarter scale model Plaster original Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks 1991.004 Working from this model, Fredericks made the full-scale model for the sixteen-foot tall figure at the entrance to the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in Detroit, Michigan. For monumental sculpture, sculptors typically create a small model or maquette, then a one-third or one-quarter scale model, then the full-size model. This provides an opportunity to work out compositional details prior to construction of the large, expensive, and time-consuming full-scale model. Enlargement of the model is done with a point-up or pantograph machine. Three are on display in the Sculptor's Studio. Note the rough surface and compare it to the smoother surface of the full-scale model for the Head of the Spirit of Detroit, central in the Main Exhibit Gallery. Fredericks stated he never named the piece. He said: "The theme was a verse from the Bible (2 Corinthians 3:17); 'Now the Lord is that Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.' I tried to express the spirit of man through the deity and the family," Gradually people began calling it Spirit of Detroit. He also waived his creative fee for this sculpture and it actually ended up costing him money to produce; he thought a mere part of his civic responsibility. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum. Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant University Center (Mich.) Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351445022/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>The Spirit of Detroit, Detroit, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/8663364314/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>The Spirit of Detroit, Detroit, MI</strong></a> Animal Animal Sculpture Figure Figure sculpture Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Model Plaster Plaster Model The Spirit of Detroit https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/1991003_b03cf287da.jpg 36be406a1e33ebf20236ca95d796b725 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 2640 Width 1876 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Objects Collection Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 80" x 41" x 75" Materials Plaster full-scale Catalog Number 1991.003 Object Location Location of object in collection. Main Exhibit Gallery Provenance 1987 November 30, Gift to Museum and SVSU Board of Control Notes From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992) Memo dated October 23, 1991 "RE: Two Bears All of the photos in Mr. Fredericks' studio are dated to 1969. Molly has acknowledged that the correct date is 1964. This is inscribed on the plaster original." September 18, 1991 Memo to file From: Jennifer Lentz, Collection Documentation Intern Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery Re: TWO BEARS - small-scale at Quarton Elementary School in Birmingham They have a small-scale bronze dated to 1967. There is no plaque but it is titled "Friends Big and Little." August 7, 1991 FROM: Jennifer Lentz, Intern Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery RE: Two Bears at Southfield Public Library The sculpture is located in the Youth Services Area. It is bronze with brown patination and it rests upon an oval shaped black marble pedestal which is on a light colored marble base. There is a plaque mounted on the base which indicates is was a gift of the Friends of the Southfield Public Library. It is signed and there is a foundry mark - Bedi-Rassy NYC. I spoke with Carol Miller at the library and she said it was acquired in late 1969 or early 1970. However it must have been cast before 1970 because that is when the foundry changed it's name from Bedi-Rassy to Bedi-Makky. Note: A Full-Scale bronze in 1990 sold at auction by Leslie Hindman Auctioneers for $40,000, and had a personal estimate of $4,000/$6,000. Molly Barth copy: This is a full-size plaster model of the "Two Bears". Don't miss the little one that's hiding back behind. One's a brown bear, and one's a black bear, and, normally, they don't get along very well, but the big one's looking out for the little one. This was cast in bronze, and it's located at the Sterling Heights Public Library in Michigan and the little children went around collecting all the pennies that they could toward the donation of the casting in bronze. It's also located at Interlochen and also at Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina, and also at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two Bears [Plaster] Subject The topic of the resource Animal sculpture--20th century Description An account of the resource Two Bears, 1965 Plaster original Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks 1991.003 Two Bears was originally created for Lincoln Square, Urbana, Illinois. A large and small bear sit back to back in quiet contemplation. In nature, these two animals are enemies, however, Fredericks portrays the two in a gentle humanistic way, stressing tolerance. Notice the differences in the bears ears and noses. Also if you look closely at the small bear's knees you will notice a tear drop sculpting style, known as one of Fredericks' trademarks. Other sculptures that display this characteristic are The Thinker, Lion and Mouse, and the Male Baboon and Female Baboon sculptures. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Animal sculpture--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant University Center (Mich.) Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350791173/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Sterling Heights, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351535480/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Southfield Public Library, Southfield, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351535278/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Royal Oak Public Library, Royal Oak, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350790865/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Quarton School, Birmingham, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351535056/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Nevada Museum of Art, Reno, NV</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351534876/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears Meijer Gardens, Grand Rapids, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351534828/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Ferndale Public Library, Ferndale, MI</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351534646/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>Two Bears, Brookgreen Gardens, SC</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/5908929298/in/set-72157604118554937e"><strong>Two Bears, Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Garden, University Center, MI</strong></a> Animal Animal Sculpture Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Model Plaster Plaster Model Two Bears https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/1991002_d2cc568d3c.jpg 97298aaa33cb042879cfafe06b6f4f31 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 2090 Width 2550 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Objects Collection Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 54" x 36" x 77" Materials Plaster full-scale Catalog Number 1991.002 Object Location Location of object in collection. Main Exhibit Gallery Provenance 1987 November 30, Gift to Museum and SVSU Board of Control Notes From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992) Memo dated September 11, 1991 "RE: The Lion and Mouse - Lion and Monkey Molly told me that the Lion and Monkey was the predecessor of the Lion and Mouse although they were both created in 1957. The lion is in the same position but the monkey sits upon his left knee. Mr. Fredericks thought it would not be best to put the figure on the knee because he thought that children could sit there. He changed it to The Lion and Mouse with Aesop's fable in mind. Molly said she is aware that in Aesop's story the mouse frees the lion from the hunters net by gnawing through it. Although when Mr. Fredericks tells the story he says that the mouse pulled a thorn out of the lion's paw. She had not heard of the story of Androcles and the Lion." Molly Barth copy: The first plaster model is the Lion and the Mouse. The J. L. Hudson Company commissioned Fredericks to make this for Eastland Shopping Center in St. Clair Shores. The original sculpture for the shopping center was made from this plaster model. Here in the gallery, but the one that's at the shopping center is carved in limestone, the lion, and the little mouse that's on the paw of the lion, is cast in bronze and then gold-plated. Of course you all know the story of The Lion and the mouse. Well, let me tell you the story of the "Lion and the Mouse." One day, that lion came across this wee, little mouse and he was going to eat him, but the mouse said, "No! One day, I will be able to help you," and that lion just laughed at that mouse and he said, "How could you ever help me?," and he said, "I just know I can, one day!" So because he just thought it was so funny, he let the mouse go. But one day, the mouse heard the lion making a ferocious kind of cry, so he came across him, and he said, "What's the matter?" and he said, "Oh, my paw hurts so terribly!" so the mouse looked and he saw a thorn in his paw and he pulled that thorn right out of the lion's paw, and the lion was forever grateful to that wee, little mouse that he thought could never help him. That little mouse did show the lion what he could do, and they were forever friends. Carl Fredericks: The lion and the monkey was Marshall's first attempt and he did cast a maquette. But a dear Scandinavian lady he knew due to his Scandinavian work and who lived locally reminded him that there was a fable that the kids learned in school about the lion and the mouse. So he changed it and won the commission for the Eastland Mall project. She often visited the studio and would tell me this story. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lion and Mouse [Plaster] Subject The topic of the resource Animal sculpture--20th century Description An account of the resource The Lion and Mouse, 1957 Plaster original Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks 1991.002 Fredericks stated that this sculpture illustrates the well known Aesop Fable of "The Lion and the Mouse." The mouse, whose life was spared by the lion, helps that same lion to escape a horrible fate. A fitting moral to the story is that kindness is seldom thrown away, be it given to the mightiest, lowliest, or smallest of creatures. Fredericks rendition illustrates the conclusion of the story in which the lion comes to friendly terms with the mouse. The J. L. Hudson Company commissioned this sculpture for Eastland Center in Harper Woods, Michigan. Like many of Fredericks' sculptures, he designed it specifically for children. Both animals are humanized with friendly facial expressions. The lion's reclining position and his crossed legs are very human-like, yet his huge round head is stylized with uniformly coiled ringlets and his knees are stylized and abstracted. These artistic intentions make the king of the jungle appealing to children and adults alike. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant University Center (Mich.) Relation A related resource <a href="https://flic.kr/p/aFeGQG"><span>Lion and Mouse, Eastland Center, Harper Woods, MI</span></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/5908371437/in/set-72157604118554937"><strong>Lion and Mouse, Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum, University Center, MI</strong></a> Animal Animal Sculpture Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Model Plaster Plaster Model The Lion and Mouse https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/1991001_c2817cd3b2.jpg 76386a09600cf5ed381b4b28da361a06 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 2280 Width 1689 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Objects Collection Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 23.75" x 15.5" x 15.25" Materials Bronze full-scale Travertine base Catalog Number 1991.001 Object Location Location of object in collection. Outside Museum entrance Provenance 1988 Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Ned Arbury Notes Note: One of Frederick's personal books was titled "The Great Ape" by Robert and Ada Yerkes can be found in the Sculptor's Studio on a work table. Note: Apparently Booth didn't see it until dedication day and had no idea of what it would be even though he asked for a Thinker. At the time in America (1930s) the Darwin theories were hot news and then you have many museums who wanted to have one at the entrance to their museum. I'm sure that Booth was impressed with the DIA's Thinker and wanted one, too. From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992) Memo dated September 18, 1991 "RE: I Spoke with Mrs. Suture who told me the date on the plaque is September 12, 1965. She is going to contact me with further information on it including height." Molly Barth copy: At the entrance to the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery to the right of the doors is the bronze "Thinker." Mr. Booth, the founder Cranbrook, wanted a "Thinker," just like August Rodin's "Thinker" for the steps of the art museum at Cranbrook, and he came to Fredericks and asked if he could do a "Thinker" for Cranbrook. Fredericks tried different things, but, of course, to copy Rodin's "Thinker" in any way was unthinkable. So, Fredericks made this chimpanzee, and Mr. Booth came into his studio and looked at it for a moment, and said, "It just may be he's thinking far more interesting thoughts than we are. I'll take it!" It's there today, on the steps of the art museum there at Cranbrook, carved in black granite. We have a later bronze cast. This "Thinker" has a brown patina. Visitors may feel and touch this bronze; but please do not touch the other sculptures inside the gallery - particularly the white plaster models. From 1995 Mary Iorio of Cranbrook, interview with Fredericks: Fredericks had a pet monkey while at Cleveland School of Art. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Thinker [Bronze] Subject The topic of the resource Animal sculpture--20th century Apes in art Description An account of the resource The Thinker is a bronze sculpture of a seated chimpanzee with arms folded and legs crossed. His head rests on his proper right hand and is tilted back slightly giving the appearance of being in deep thought. LABEL: The Thinker, 1938 Bronze, cast 1988 Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Ned Arbury 1991.001 Fredericks created this sculpture after George Gough Booth, the founder of Cranbrook Educational Community, asked him to make a "Thinker" for the steps of the Cranbrook Art Museum similar to Auguste Rodin's renowned Thinker, a cast of which is on the steps of the Detroit Institute of Arts. The pose Fredericks' Thinker assumes is a direct reference to Rodin's sculpture; however, Fredericks' replacement of Rodin's heroic male nude with a bemused chimpanzee is a thought provoking variation on the earlier statue. Fredericks' choice of a chimpanzee reveals his fondness for primates. Fredericks indicated that when Booth saw the compact composition of the chimp stroking his chin, he commented that it was not like Rodin would have done, but Booth was sure the chimp was thinking much more interesting thoughts than most of us are. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1991.001 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant University Center (Mich.) Relation A related resource <a href="https://flic.kr/p/aFfST3"><strong>The Thinker, Brookgreen Gardens, Pawley's Island, SC<br /></strong></a> <a href="https://flic.kr/p/aFfSTy"><strong>The Thinker, Foreign Ministry Building, Copenhagen, Denmark</strong></a> <a href="https://flic.kr/p/aFfSSG"><strong>Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery, Lindsborg, KS</strong></a> <a href="https://flic.kr/p/aFfSY9"><strong>The Thinker, Millesgarden, Lidingo, Sweden</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350712853/in/set-72157628015891879"><strong>The Thinker, Holstebro, Denmark</strong></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/5915045743/in/set-72157627146083402"><strong>The Thinker, Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum, University Center, MI</strong></a> http://omeka.svsu.edu/admin/files/show/9433<br /><br /> Animal Animal Sculpture Bronze Bronze Sculpture Chimpanzee Monkey The Thinker https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/item-5048_d3af0848ae.jpg 26c5b621efb1340c4fcc1902ed5c53b8 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 1 Height 6024 Width 4752 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8" x 10" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall Fredericks working on the plaster model of an unidentified medal in his Royal Oak studio Subject The topic of the resource Artists' studios--United States. Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Medallions (Decorative arts) Description An account of the resource Located on the northwest corner of Normandy and Woodward Avenue in Royal Oak, Michigan, the building served as Fredericks' studio for over 50 years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 28 Folder 4 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives. Relation A related resource V-28-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Oak (Mich.) Marshall Fredericks Medal Model Plaster Plaster Model V2804 Work in Progress https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/item-5047_1f6e0f56a4.jpg 30ea7c0b4a203eed341c411096d397de Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 5901 Width 4811 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8" x 10" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The President of the Republic of Finland, Dr. Urho K. Kekkonen, visiting the United States during October 1961 Subject The topic of the resource Kekkonen, Urho, 1900-1986. Description An account of the resource The President of the Republic of Finland, Dr. Urho K. Kekkonen, visiting the United States during October 16-31, 1961 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 20 Folder 26 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-10 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives. Relation A related resource V-20-26 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Dr. Urho K. Kekkonen https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/7180aaa081cd6bb2241f00acc771c99e.jpg c4eae6d03bb0148e24f0e7390891e56d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 10" x 7" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The President of Finland Dr. Urho K. Kekkonen receives "The Spirit of Detroit" Subject The topic of the resource Bronze sculpture, American--20th century. Figure sculpture, American--20th century. Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Kekkonen, Urho, 1900-1986. Description An account of the resource Description The erection of The Spirit of Detroit at the City-County Building (now Coleman A. Young Municipal Center) in 1958 marked the formal completion of the structure whose construction began in 1951. Located in front of a white marble wall at the entrance to the building, the sculpture depicts the cultural and religious spirit of the Detroit community. At the time, The Spirit of Detroit was said to be the largest sculpture cast in Europe since the Renaissance period (1400 – 1600). It stands sixteen feet high and twenty-two feet across from fingertip to fingertip. On the Vermont marble wall behind the figure are the official seals of Wayne County, Michigan and the City of Detroit. Engraved on the wall is a verse from II Corinthians: ”Now the Lord is that Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is Liberty.” Designed to continue the thought indicated in the inscription on the wall, the sculpture is in the form of a kneeling man with outstretched arms. In his right hand he holds a father, mother and child representing family, which, according to Fredericks, is “probably the noblest human relationship.” In his left hand, the figure bears a sphere with rays emanating from it signifying deity. Fredericks chose the sphere because it is an object complete in itself with no beginning and no end. This sculpture took Fredericks four years to complete and meant a great deal to the sculptor, who once remarked, “I pray only that this work in some small way inspire those who see it.” Fredericks appears to have gotten his wish as the citizens of Detroit immediately embraced this giant figure as the city’s cultural icon by giving it the affectionate nickname, “The Jolly Green Giant.” The sculpture is also frequently dressed in local sporting teams’ jerseys during playoff action, and The Spirit of Detroit’s image appears as the central element in the logos of the city’s departments and services. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 20 Folder 26 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives. Relation A related resource V-20-26 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context #4 Bronze Bronze Sculpture Dr. Urho K. Kekkonen Figure Figure sculpture The Spirit of Detroit https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/4ce4587a4dbbccb1939ad30e9f7e9c69.jpg 2eaab30094682873e5b56414861d9d6f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 10" x 12" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Detroit Mayor Coleman A. Young presents Mayor Nishiyama of Toyota City, Japan with a small-scale bronze of "The Spirit of Detroit" Subject The topic of the resource Bronze sculpture, American--20th century. Figure sculpture, American--20th century. Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Nishiyama, Lakashi Young, Coleman A. Description An account of the resource Detroit Mayor Coleman A. Young presents Mayor Nishiyama of Toyota City, Japan, with a model of "The Spirit of Detroit," which is intended for permanent display in Detroit's sister city. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 29 Folder 8 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives. Relation A related resource V-29-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Detroit (Mich.) Bronze Bronze Sculpture Coleman A. Young Figure Figure sculpture Mayor Nishiyama The Spirit of Detroit V2908 https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/item-5044---cropped_6e943325e7.tif b702879e6d6109400fc2163b39a7e972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Color print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 4" x 6" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Close-up of "Ugly Duckling" from "Nordic Swan and the Ugly Duckling" at a private residence Subject The topic of the resource Animal sculpture--20th century. Bronze sculpture, American--20th century. Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Outdoor sculpture--United States. Public sculpture, American Description An account of the resource This sculpture represents Fredericks' interpretation of Hans Christian Andersen's popular story, The Ugly Duckling. Unlike Fredericks' portrayals of other literary subjects, this sculpture illustrates not one moment in the story, but two. Fredericks placed the unhappy duckling driven from place to place because of his ugliness at the base of the fountain. Located above is the beautiful swan he grew to be. Fredericks emphasized the difference between the young and mature bird. The earthbound duckling is awkward and heavy, with stubby wings and tail while the swan soars overhead in an open form which appears almost weightless. Fredericks originally conceived this sculpture for the Danish Village retirement home in Rochester Hills, Michigan. A bronze cast of this sculpture is located in Skælskor, Denmark where Hans Christian Andersen lived and penned “The Little Mermaid,” “The Ugly Duckling,” and many other children’s stories. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 17 Folder 10 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives. Relation A related resource V-17-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bloomfield Hills (Mich.) Animal Animal Sculpture Bronze Bronze Sculpture Duck Duckling Nordic Swan and the Ugly Duckling (Hans Christian Andersen Fountain) Ugly Duckling V1710 https://omeka.svsu.edu/files/original/marshall-fredericks-waves-while-attending-the-unveiling-of-freedom-of-the-human-spirit-in-shain-park_5bb54ff8d1.tif c8b171b61ef9edf1d19f2d21a34114fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall M. Fredericks Archives Collection Description An account of the resource The Marshall M. Fredericks Collection consists of 200 linear feet of materials, including: Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericks’ civic interests such as Disabled Americans’ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericks’ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc. Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericks’ work, civic interests, and life Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Color print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 4" x 6" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marshall Fredericks waves while attending the unveiling of "Freedom of the Human Spirit" in Shain Park Subject The topic of the resource Animal sculpture--20th century. Bronze sculpture, American--20th century. Figure sculpture, American--20th century. Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998 Outdoor sculpture--United States. Public sculpture, American Description An account of the resource The businessmen backers of the 1964-65 New York World’s Fair aspired to produce an economic boom for the city that would rival the hugely successful New York World’s Fair of 1939-40 that brought more than 44 million visitors to the city. Many of these planners, kids during the ’39-40 Fair, hoped that the experience would be as memorable for their children and families has it had been for them. Dedicated to “Man’s Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe,” the Fair’s theme was “Peace through Understanding.” The Fair’s Sculpture Committee requested that Marshall Fredericks submit a proposal for a sculpture to be included at the event. Fredericks submitted several sketches and the Committee selected a sketch of two figures with swans. Originally the figures in the sketch had wings, but the review panel requested that Fredericks remove them in the final sculpture. According to the artist, the sculpture “depicts human figures as if soaring in migratory flights with huge swans, an ancient symbol of eternal life.” One of four major sculptures at the Fair, the sculpture stood in the Court of States at the entrance of the U S Government Pavilion. This marked the second time Fredericks contributed a sculpture to a New York World’s Fair, as he previously exhibited a fountain at the 1939 Fair. The Freedom of the Human Spirit still stands at its original location in Flushing Meadows Corona Park in Queens borough. In 1983, Fredericks donated the design for this sculpture to his adopted hometown of Birmingham, Michigan in honor of the city’s fiftieth anniversary. Erected in Shain Park, the city financed the sculpture through generous donations from over one thousand individuals and corporations. In 2009, the city of Birmingham renovated the park and relocated the sculpture to an area in the center of the park. A small-scale casting of Freedom of the Human Spirit also serves as the annual Communications Award for the International Center for the Disabled (ICD), an organization of which Fredericks was a longtime benefactor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lagerkvist, James B. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marshall M. Fredericks Papers Series V, Box 13 Folder 12 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this image requires permission from the creator. Relation A related resource V-13-12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Birmingham (Mich.) Freedom of the Human Spirit Shain Park Unveiling V1312