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&#13;
Although the first clowns date back to ancient times, the descendants of modern clowns were the traveling minstrels of the Middle Ages.  They wore brightly colored costumes with ruffled collars and bells, plus they painted their faces or wore masks.  They entertained by various means including poetry, music, juggling, acrobatics, and working with trained animals.  Not until the sixteenth century when the commedia dell' arte began did pantomime become popular.  Today it is a basic tool for clowns.  From very early times the purpose of the clown was to display the gamut of human experience and emotion in an uninhibited manner, often by exaggeration.  &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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1991.043&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Fredericks' clowns possess all the characteristic attributes.  First, they wear the familiar costume: baggy pants, bells, and ruffled neck, wrist and ankle bands.  Their faces are painted also.  Their postures and gestures are very expressive.  The Lovesick Clown shows exaggerated, unrepressed emotion.  The mute Clown Musicians with their invisible instruments humorously remind us of the ability of clowns to entertain without sound.  The Circus Train Clown has the circus train down below on the base and the Lovesick Clown has Cupid's arrow through his heart. The Acrobat Clown is depicted with a little dog balancing on the palms of his hands.  The Juggler Clown has a ball balanced on the tip of his nose and the Clown Musicians play their imaginary instruments.  &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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1991.046&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks is quoted explaining the Freedom of the Human Spirit:&#13;
&#13;
"I tried to take the male and female figures and free them from the earth. The only reason they stand up in the space at all is because they are suspended by sort of semi-visible abstract forms that keep them in the air, and then there are three giant wind swans flying with them. The idea was that these human beings, these people-us, do not have to be limited to the earth, to the ground. We can free ourselves mentally and spiritually whenever we want to, if we just try to do so."</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350270229/in/set-72157628015891879" target="_blank"&gt;Freedom of the Human Spirit, Shain Park, Birmingham, MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Notes:&#13;
&#13;
Finished piece for Dallas Public Library weighed 880 pounds of  cast aluminum and was 20 feet in height.  The cost was $100,000  with $35,000 to Mr. Fredericks and $65,000 cost for materials and installation.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Molly Barth copy:&#13;
On this pedestal, there is a head of a portrait of a young boy.  This is all that Fredericks has left of a piece that is titled Youth in the Hands of God.  It was made for the Dallas, Texas library.  The sculpture was cast in aluminum and is 20 feet high.  It is a relief that was designed to hang right on the granite facade of the library.  It was dedicated in 1960.  Recently, the library had grown so much they sold the building and built a new library.  I don't think they realized that the relief could be removed, but they ended up selling the building and the relief.  Fredericks is hoping that someday it will be donated to the gallery, but, as far as I know, it's vacant.  As you know, Texas went through a recession when so many people went bankrupt.  Hopefully, that Youth in the Hands of God relief will end up being here at the gallery.  I should mention that Youth in the Hands of God was also cast in Norway and brought over by boat, but the rest of the plaster model was destroyed.   All that is left is the head of the youth.  </text>
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                <text>Head of the Youth, from Youth in the Hands of God, 1956&#13;
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&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.047&#13;
&#13;
This is the only surviving portion of the full-scale plaster  original model for Youth in the Hands of God, a sixteen-foot tall aluminum cast, made in Norway, commissioned for the facade of  the Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas.&#13;
&#13;
This fragment is less well preserved than many of the original  plasters in the Museum.  Note the stained discoloration across  the head in general.  The restorations around the eyes, ears, and lips were reworked about 1987 to regain the original appearance.  The complete aluminum cast of the Youth in the Hands of God was relocated from Dallas Public Library to this Museum in 1993 and  is installed on the facade of the Arbury Fine Arts Center.</text>
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                <text>Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998</text>
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                <text>Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum</text>
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                <text>University Center (Mich.)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/5908376481/in/set-72157604118554937" target="_blank"&gt;Youth in the Hands of God&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992)&#13;
Memo dated July 30, 1991:&#13;
&#13;
"RE: Friendly Frog&#13;
&#13;
On July 26, 1991 I asked Molly if Fredericks specifically designed this as a slide for children and she said he did."&#13;
&#13;
RESEARCH&#13;
&#13;
The Friendly Frog has found a new home at Applewood! Purchased from the Children's Museum in late 2004, guests will find The Friendly Frog just inside the estate's Lot K entrance gate on a brand new "lily pad"! The smiling amphibian was created out of terrazzo and concrete by renowned sculptor Marshall Fredericks (1908-98). Working from studios in Royal Oak and Bloomfield, Fredericks left a rich legacy of famous pieces that include The Spirit of Detroit to mark a chief government building for that city, and Christ on the Cross at Indian River. A bronze replica of The Friendly Frog is on view at Frederik Meijer Gardens in Grand Rapids. A cast of the frog is owned by the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum at Saginaw Valley State University.&#13;
&#13;
The Friendly Frog's first home was the Genesee Valley Shopping Center, which commissioned it in 1970 near the time of its opening. The frog's richly textured surface and gracefully slanted back naturally invite climbing and sliding. Children strolling through Genesee Valley found it irresistible, but eventually the shopping mall decided to part with it. In 1986, Genesee Valley turned the frog over to the Children's Museum, then housed at the North Bank Center in downtown Flint. The museum was able to put it on exhibit there, introducing it to a new generation of children. But when the Children's Museum moved to its current quarters at 1602 West Third Avenue, the staff was advised that the floor would not sustain the weight. Carefully stored by Hank Frazzles at C &amp; S Motors since 1993, the sculpture was brought to Applewood in 2004. The Friendly Frog quickly became a favorite spot for photographs and brought back many fond memories for visitors. Its new "pad" includes a colorful slip-resistant surface, water features, seating and pots of beautiful flowers. Be sure to bring the little ones in your life to Applewood this summer to meet The Friendly Frog, join The Friendly Frog Fan Club and create new memories!&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 March 1990&#13;
&#13;
TO:	 File&#13;
&#13;
FROM: Michael W. Panhorst, Director&#13;
	 Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery&#13;
&#13;
RE:	 THE FRIENDLY FROG&#13;
&#13;
The terrazzo cast of the frog is now at The Children's Museum in Flint--not at the Sloan Museum.&#13;
&#13;
The Children's Museum received the frog about six years ago (i.e., 1984). According to an individual at the museum, the Genesee Valley Mall was redecorating and that is why the frog was removed. The museum also indicated that the frog weighed about 5,000 pounds.&#13;
&#13;
The frog is now displayed in an exhibit area and children are allowed to climb on it. It is one of the children's favorite things.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Molly Barth copy:&#13;
	The next plaster model is the original model for the Friendly Frog.[date/]   This was cast in terrazzo, a synthetic marble made of chips of marble that are mixed with a clear resin that hardens.  Then, it is highly polished just like marble or granite.  It was located at the Genesee Valley Shopping Center in Flint until just recently when it was moved to the Children's Museum in Flint.  It was quite a sight to see as it travelled down I-75 on the flatbed of a semi-truck.  The terrazzo cast has gold-plated just like this plaster model does.  Children would slide down it at the mall and still do at the Children's Museum.  I even remember sliding down it a long time ago.  </text>
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                <text>Friendly Frog, 1970&#13;
Plaster original&#13;
&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.048	&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks designed this large, friendly, appealing sculpture as a children's slide. The original cast of this sculpture was located at the Hudson wing of the Genesee Valley Shopping Center in Flint, Michigan for 16 years where children did use it as a slide. In 1986 the mall donated it to the Flint Children's Museum and when they moved to their new quarters (1602 W. Third) in 1993, the building's floor was not strong enough to support the frog's 6,600 pound concrete and terrazzo weight. So, for 11 years the frog was stored at C &amp; S Motors on Dort Highway, a trucking company whose owner served on the Flint Children's Museum Board. In 2004, newspaper articles in the Flint Journal Press ("Lonely Frog: Artist would croak if he could see 'Friendly' sculpture now") and letters to the editor prompted the relocation of the frog from the trucking company's storage area to Applewood Estates, the Charles Stewart and Ruth Rawlings Mott Estate. The Ruth Mott Foundation purchased the sculpture from the Flint Children's Museum in 2004, and now it resides permanently on the 30-acre estate that is open to the public several days each year for special events and festivals.&#13;
&#13;
As of spring August 9th 2004, Friendly Frog resides in a new landscape complete with frog-friendly water features and a cushioned lily pad.</text>
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              <text>	Molly Barth copy:&#13;
The next plaster model is The Moray Eel and Fish--an eel with the dinner that he has just caught.  This was carved in green granite for the side of the steps to the Art Museum at Cranbrook, where Fredericks taught for 9 1/2 years.  You know that I don't care for moray eels, but I love the forms of this sculpture, the way the moray eel goes in and out.  I love the designs of this sculptural form.  Fredericks had done The Moray Eel and Fish while at Cranbrook, Carl Milles saw it and wrote a letter to Booth.  He said, "If you don't purchase it for Cranbrook, the Metropolitan Museum will purchase it, I know."  So, of course, Cranbrook purchased it.  It is at the side of the steps to the entrance to the Art Museum.</text>
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&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.049&#13;
&#13;
While at Cranbrook, Fredericks designed and carved this sculpture to catch water for birds. It was reported that his mentor Carl Milles wrote a letter to George Gough Booth, the founder of the Cranbrook Educational Community that said, "If you don't purchase it for Cranbrook, the Metropolitan Museum will."  A carving in green granite, it was placed on the steps of the Cranbrook Art Museum and remains there today.&#13;
&#13;
It received Honorable Mention in Sculpture at the "Fifty-Second Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture," Art Institute of Chicago, 1941.</text>
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&#13;
"Michael Emmet Taylor-- His grandparents comissioned Fredericks to do this work. His grandfather was Vice President of General Motors who worked mostly in the Chevrolet division."&#13;
&#13;
Taylor, Michael Emmet&#13;
January 06, 2005&#13;
On Tuesday, January 4, 2005, MICHAEL EMMET TAYLOR, age 68, at Atlantic General Hospital in Berlin. Born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, he was the son of the late Nelson Moore Taylor and Norma Elizabeth Coyle Taylor. He is survived by his devoted wife of 42 years, Jean Donnelly Taylor; a son, Brian Taylor and his wife Nina of North East, MD; two daughters, Lynn Goddard and her husband Kurt of Fairfield, Connecticut and Alicia Taylor of Ocean City; five grandchildren; a brother, Timothy Taylor of St. Joseph, Michigan; a sister, Jill Buyan of Los Angeles, CA and several nieces and nephews. Mr. Taylor was a graduate of the University of Detroit High School and the College of Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass. He was a retiree after 20 years of service with Ford Motor Division. He continued to work as an employee of Norris Ford in Dundalk, MD for 8 years. He was a member of St. John Neumann Catholic Church in Ocean Pines. A Mass of Christian Burial will be offered on Saturday at 12 noon at St. John Neumann Catholic Church. The Rev. Thomas Protack will be the Celebrant. Friends may call on Saturday from 9:30 A.M. to 11:30 A.M. at the Burbage Funeral Home in Berlin. Interment will be at a future date in Worcester, Mass. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Dr. and Mrs. Nelson Taylor Memorial Fund c/o Dr. Donald Meis, 10625 Emerald Point, Sun City, AZ 85351 or to the Holy Cross Fund in memory of Michael E. Taylor Class of 1958, Holy Cross College, One College St., Worcester, Mass 01610-2395.&#13;
&#13;
	Molly Barth copy:&#13;
Michael Emmett Taylor was commissioned by his grandfather, a vice-president of one of the three American automobile companies.  Michael Emmett Taylor is so real, it's as though he's about to throw  that ball and step off that pedestal.  Fredericks  captured the life of that little boy with his protruding little stomach, and his plump arms and legs.  This was cast in bronze in 1937, and is in the family's collection.  Fredericks said that when little Michael came into his studio to pose, he dragged his little ducky with him.  He was a good little model.&#13;
&#13;
Michael Emmet Taylor died in 2005.</text>
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&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.050&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks was commissioned to do this full-length portrait sculpture of Michael Emmet Taylor by his grandfather, Vice President of General Motors, Chevrolet division. When young Michael was brought to Frederick's studio for his portrait sitting, he had a small ball in his hand. The youngster kept playing with the ball so Fredericks included it in the portrait.</text>
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