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&#13;
The chimpanzee sits with arms crossed in front of him.  His hands are upon his shoulders.  His legs are also crossed as he stares ahead.  The knees have the classic tear drop shape characteristic of many of Marshall's animals.&#13;
&#13;
"In front of both the Detroit Institute of Arts and Cleveland Museum of Art broods Auguste Rodin's bronze Thinker.  When the Cranbrook Art Museum was completed, George Booth said to Fredericks, "Marshall, I want you to do a Thinker to put on the steps of the Cranbrook museum. Every museum has a Thinker in front.  We should have one ." To do Rodin's sculpture over again in any form was unthinkable.  With the shrewd humor he sometimes exhibited, Fredericks chose a block of black granite and carved the massive, self-enclosed ape that now site before the Cranbrook Art Museum.  When it was shown to him, Booth looked at it for a moment disconcerted; then recognizing the idea and the sculpture's quality, he said, "Well, it may be that he is thinking far more interesting thoughts than we are.  I'll take it.""&#13;
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&#13;
&#13;
The chimpanzee sits with arms crossed in front of him.  His hands are upon his shoulders.  His legs are also crossed as he stares ahead.  The knees have the classic tear drop shape characteristic of many of Marshall's animals.&#13;
&#13;
"In front of both the Detroit Institute of Arts and Cleveland Museum of Art broods Auguste Rodin's bronze Thinker.  When the Cranbrook Art Museum was completed, George Booth said to Fredericks, "Marshall, I want you to do a Thinker to put on the steps of the Cranbrook museum. Every museum has a Thinker in front.  We should have one ." To do Rodin's sculpture over again in any form was unthinkable.  With the shrewd humor he sometimes exhibited, Fredericks chose a block of black granite and carved the massive, self-enclosed ape that now site before the Cranbrook Art Museum.  When it was shown to him, Booth looked at it for a moment disconcerted; then recognizing the idea and the sculpture's quality, he said, "Well, it may be that he is thinking far more interesting thoughts than we are.  I'll take it.""&#13;
Fredericks, Suzanne P. "Marshall M. Fredericks, Sculptor", Saginaw Valley State University, 2003. p.2&#13;
&#13;
One of Fredericks Thinkers sits just outside of the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum.&#13;
&#13;
This work is signed "Marshall M. F"  The rest of the name fades out and is unreadable except for the "D" in Fredericks.  </text>
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              <text>Note: One of Frederick's personal books was titled "The Great Ape" by Robert and Ada Yerkes can be found in the Sculptor's Studio on a work table.&#13;
&#13;
Note: Apparently Booth didn't see it until dedication day and had no idea of what it would be even though he asked for a Thinker.  At the time in America (1930s) the Darwin theories were hot news and then you have many museums who wanted to have one at the entrance to their museum.  I'm sure that Booth was impressed with the DIA's Thinker and wanted one, too.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992)&#13;
Memo dated September 18, 1991&#13;
&#13;
"RE:  I Spoke with Mrs. Suture who told me the date on the plaque is September 12, 1965.  She is going to contact me with further information on it including height."&#13;
&#13;
Molly Barth copy:&#13;
At the entrance to the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery to the right of the doors is the bronze "Thinker."   Mr. Booth, the founder Cranbrook, wanted a "Thinker," just like August Rodin's "Thinker" for the steps of the art museum at Cranbrook, and he came to Fredericks and asked if he could do a "Thinker" for Cranbrook.  Fredericks tried different things, but, of course, to copy Rodin's "Thinker" in any way was unthinkable.  So, Fredericks made this chimpanzee, and Mr. Booth came into his studio and looked at it for a moment, and said, "It just may be he's thinking far more interesting thoughts than we are.  I'll take it!"  It's there today, on the steps of the art museum there at Cranbrook, carved in black granite.  We have a later bronze cast.  This "Thinker" has a brown patina.  Visitors may feel and touch this bronze; but please do not touch the other sculptures inside the gallery - particularly the white plaster models.&#13;
&#13;
From 1995 Mary Iorio of Cranbrook, interview with Fredericks: Fredericks had a pet monkey while at Cleveland School of Art.</text>
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&#13;
LABEL:&#13;
&#13;
The Thinker, 1938 Bronze, cast 1988  &#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Ned Arbury 1991.001 &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks created this sculpture after George Gough Booth, the   founder of Cranbrook Educational Community, asked him to make a   "Thinker" for the steps of the Cranbrook Art Museum similar to   Auguste Rodin's renowned Thinker, a cast of which is on the steps of the Detroit Institute of Arts. The pose Fredericks' Thinker   assumes is a direct reference to Rodin's sculpture; however,   Fredericks' replacement of Rodin's heroic male nude with a   bemused chimpanzee is a thought provoking variation on the   earlier statue. Fredericks' choice of a chimpanzee reveals his   fondness for primates. Fredericks indicated that when Booth saw   the compact composition of the chimp stroking his chin, he   commented that it was not like Rodin would have done, but Booth   was sure the chimp was thinking much more interesting thoughts   than most of us are.</text>
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&#13;
Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks&#13;
&#13;
Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces&#13;
&#13;
Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericksâ€™ civic interests such as Disabled Americansâ€™ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum&#13;
&#13;
Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio&#13;
&#13;
Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericksâ€™ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life&#13;
&#13;
Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work&#13;
&#13;
Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work&#13;
&#13;
Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc.&#13;
&#13;
Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed&#13;
&#13;
Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericksâ€™ work, civic interests, and life&#13;
&#13;
Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc.</text>
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Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998</text>
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18" x 12"&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks created this sculpture at the request of George Gough Booth, the founder of Cranbrook Educational Community, who wanted a â€œThinkerâ€ for the steps of the Cranbrook Art Museum similar to Auguste Rodinâ€™s renowned Thinker, a cast of which is on the steps of the Detroit Institute of Arts.&#13;
&#13;
Fredericksâ€™ replacement of Rodinâ€™s heroic male nude with a bemused chimpanzee stroking his chin is a thought provoking variation on the earlier statue. Fredericks' choice of a chimpanzee reveals his fondness for primates.&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks indicated that he â€œtried different human figures for about a month, but couldnâ€™t come up with the right Thinker. Mr. Booth came to my studio and saw this chimpanzee I was carving in my spare time and he said, â€˜This is my Thinker. Heâ€™s probably thinking far more interesting thoughts than we are.â€™â€</text>
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Series VIII, Cabinet 2 Drawer 15 Folder 1</text>
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Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks&#13;
&#13;
Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces&#13;
&#13;
Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericksâ€™ civic interests such as Disabled Americansâ€™ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum&#13;
&#13;
Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio&#13;
&#13;
Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericksâ€™ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life&#13;
&#13;
Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work&#13;
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Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work&#13;
&#13;
Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc.&#13;
&#13;
Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed&#13;
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Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericksâ€™ work, civic interests, and life&#13;
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Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc.</text>
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Artists' studios--United States.&#13;
Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998&#13;
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                <text>Plaster models of "Baboon and Baby Chimpanzee" and "Baboon Playing a Mandolin" in Marshall Fredericks' Bloomfield Hills (Greenhouse), Michigan studio. Bronze castings of these two works are in the children's garden, Community House, Birmingham, Michigan.</text>
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Series V, Box 2, Folder 11&#13;
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                <text>Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives.</text>
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&#13;
Correspondence: (13 linear feet) including personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and card received by Fredericks&#13;
&#13;
Project (Job) Files: (7 linear feet) including correspondence between Fredericks and both sculpture commissioning clients and vendors that helped to fabricate the pieces&#13;
&#13;
Subject Files: (24 linear feet) document Fredericksâ€™ civic interests such as Disabled Americansâ€™ Denmark meeting (DIADEM), Rebild National Park, and Danish Consular work, as well as fraternal organizations and the Marshall M Fredericks Sculpture Museum&#13;
&#13;
Financial (30 linear feet) document the day-to-day operations of running a studio&#13;
&#13;
Photographs: (25 linear feet) including photographs in a variety of sizes, negatives, and slides relating to Fredericksâ€™ teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life&#13;
&#13;
Clippings/Articles/Books: (28 linear feet) including media articles, journals, etc. about Fredericks and his work&#13;
&#13;
Books and Magazines: (16 linear feet) including books and magazines which do not directly relate to Fredericks or his work&#13;
&#13;
Drawings: (10 linear feet) including life figure drawings, sculpture project sketches, presentation drawings, working drawings, etc.&#13;
&#13;
Awards/Medals/Memorabilia: (16 linear feet) including awards and medals given to Fredericks as well as medals he designed&#13;
&#13;
Video/Films/Audio: (13 linear feet) including media relating to Fredericksâ€™ work, civic interests, and life&#13;
&#13;
Ephemera:(8 linear feet) containing portfolio postcards, posters, etc.</text>
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                <text>Full-scale plaster model of "Baboon Playing a Mandolin" and full-scale plaster model of "Baboon and Baby Chimpanzee" as viewed from above</text>
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Artists' studios--United States.&#13;
Fredericks, Marshall M., 1908-1998&#13;
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                <text>Plaster models of "Baboon Playing a Mandolin" and "Baboon and Baby Chimpanzee" in Marshall Fredericks' Bloomfield Hills (Greenhouse), Michigan studio.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Marshall M. Fredericks Papers&#13;
Series V, Box 2, Folder 11&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1996</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="289432">
                <text>Use of this image requires permission from the Marshall M. Fredericks Archives.</text>
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